Blog Post
Without Russian gas, the European Union would have to reduce demand by approximately 15%, with big differences between different parts of Europe
Working Paper
Consumers need to reduce their carbon footprint by replacing carbon-intensive by carbon-neutral consumption, which implies buying the appliances that allow them to do so. Workers and capital need to move from brown to green sectors.
Policy Contribution
The EU Platform could become an effective emergency tool to safeguard Europe’s security of gas supply in case of a sudden interruption of Russian gas flows, but policymakers need to address challenges to make it work.
Blog Post
The ban on most Russian oil significantly scales up the EU response to aggression against Ukraine, but the bloc should stand ready for retaliatory actions.
Blog Post
The EU lacks the coordination structure and transparent data necessary to most effectively navigate an embargo on Russian oil.
Opinion
Even at this late hour, the European Union should consider taking a different path.
Opinion
A tariff on imports of Russian fossil fuels would allow Europe to hit Russia's energy sector without great suffering.
External Publication
Letter published in Science.
Opinion
A punitive tariff on all energy imports from Russia would be a better choice than a gradually phased-in embargo on selected fuels.
Blog Post
The European Union should apply a tariff on imports of Russian oil; it can be accompanied by a quota for a gradual, conditional phase-out of all Russian oil imports.
Opinion
The 2 May meeting of EU energy ministers should deliver strong and common EU action. Failing to do so would undermine Europe’s unity, energy security and foreign policy.
Working Paper
The most efficient way for Europe to sanction Russian energy would not be an embargo, but the introduction of an import tariff that can be used flexibly to control the degree of economic pressure on Russia.